The word corona represents crown. The term coronavirus was coined in 1968 for the virus which resembled a solar corona, the bright crown-like ring of gasses surrounding the sun that is visible during a solar eclipse.
Corona Virus are a group of RNA virus which affects the mammals and birds. In mammals, the attack and effect the respiratory tract causing infections, that can be mild to severe to lethal. Mild illnesses in humans include some cases of the common cold (which is also caused by other viruses, predominantly rhinoviruses), while more lethal varieties can cause SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. In cows and pigs, they cause diarrhea, while in mice they cause hepatitis and encephalomyelitis. Corona viruses constitute the family of Coronaviridae, order Nidovirales and realm riboviria. Corona Virus have been said to have existed for around 8000 BCE. The Human Corona Virus have their origin in Bats. Coronavirus can have cold with major symptoms, such as fever, cough and sore throat.
In total six species of corona viruses are known till date, in which one strain is divided into two different strains making it a number of seven. Three human coronaviruses produce potentially severe symptoms:
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), β-CoV (identified in 2003)
- Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV), β-CoV (identified in 2012)
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), β-CoV (identified in 2019)
These cause the diseases commonly called SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 respectively.
Leading Manufacturers of Corona Virus or Covid-19 vaccines
Vaccine and vaccination are derived from Variolae vaccinae (smallpox of the cow), the term devised by Edward Jenner (who both developed the concept of vaccines and created the first vaccine) to denote cowpox.
There are around 10 companies in various stages of clinical trials and over a hundred of companies in it preclinical stage. The top ten companies that are leading the race of COVID-19 Vaccine are CanSino Biological, Moderna, SinoVac, University of Oxford, BioNTech, Novavax, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Beijing Institute of Biological Products/Sinophar, and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. [1]
The list of leading companies are below:
| 1. Covishield |
| 2. Pfizer-Biontech |
| 3. Moderna |
| 4. Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine |
| 5. Coronavac/Sinovac |
| 6. Sinopharm-BBIBP |
| 7. Sputnik-v |
| 8. Convidecia |
Covid-19 Vaccine manufacturers and their patents
- Name of the Vaccine: COVISHIELD/VAXZEVRIA
Developer/Manufacturer: University of Oxford/Astrazeneca
Kind of vaccine: Weakened Viral Vector.
Patent number: WO2012-172277
Abstract of patent: The present invention provides recombinant adenoviral vectors, immunogenic compositions thereof and their use in medicine, and methods for generating recombinant adenoviral vectors. In particular, the present invention provides an adenovirus vector comprising a capsid derived from chimpanzee adenovirus AdY25, wherein said capsid encapsidates a nucleic acid molecule comprising an exogeneous nucleotide sequence of interest.
Contact Information: University of Oxford, University Offices, Wellington Square, Oxford, OX1 2JD, United Kingdom, Telephone: +44 1865 270000, Fax: +44 1865 270708
- Name of the vaccine: SPUTNIK-V
Developer/Manufacturer: GAMALEYA RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY- RUSSIA
Kind of vaccine: A VIRAL VECTOR VACCINE, adenovirus vectors rAd26 and rAd5, which promote the delivery of antigens to the human body, to promote the immune response.
Patent Number: The Russian patent RU2720614C1 has already been internationalized through application WO2021002776A1 and in the future patent protection in other countries should be requested.
Abstract of the patent: FIELD: Biotechnology, immunology, virology. SUBSTANCE: The invention relates to the field of biotechnology, immunology and virology, in particular to an immunobiological agent for the prevention of diseases caused by the severe respiratory syndrome virus SARS-CoV-2. Also, a method is disclosed for inducing specific immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, comprising administering one or more immunobiological agents to the mammalian body for the prevention of diseases caused by the severe respiratory syndrome virus SARS-CoV-2. The invention allows to effectively induce an immune response against SARS-CoV-2 virus. EFFECT: the invention allows to effectively induce an immune response against SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Contact Information: The Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF) Capital City, South Tower, 7th 8th floor 8 bid. 1 Prsenenskaya nab, Moscow, Russian 123112, T- +7 495 644 3414, F- +7 495 644 3413
Email: sputnikvaccine@rdif.ru
- Name of the vaccine: MODERNA
Developer/Manufacturer: American company Moderna, the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the U.S. Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations.
Kind of vaccine: mRNA VACCINE
Patent number: 10702600
Abstract of the patent: The disclosure relates to respiratory virus ribonucleic acid (RNA) vaccines and combination vaccines, as well as methods of using the vaccines and compositions comprising the vaccines.
Contact Information: Global Headquarters 200 Technology Square Cambridge, MA 02139, T- 617- 714-6500
- Name of the vaccine: Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine, JNJ-78436735
Developer/Manufacturer: Janssen Pharmaceuticals Companies of Johnson & Johnson
Kind of vaccine: Viral Vector
Patent Number: US7888102
Patent’s abstract: The invention relates to the production of coronaviruses. In particular, the invention relates to methods for producing SARS-CoV by using cells expressing a functional SARS-CoV receptor.
Address: https://www.janssen.com/us/contact-us
- Name of the vaccine: SPUTNIK LIGHT
Developer/Manufacturer: Russian Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology
Kind of vaccine: Viral Vector
Patent Number: The Sputnik Light vaccine is the first component (recombinant human adenovirus 26 serotype (rAd26) of the Sputnik V vaccine. Therefore, has the same characteristics as of Sputnik V.
Contact Information: The Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF) Capital City, South Tower, 7th 8th floor 8 bid. 1 Prsenenskaya nab, Moscow, Russian 123112, T- +7 495 644 3414, F- +7 495 644 3413
- Name of the vaccine: CONVIDECIA
Developer/Manufacturer: Chinese company CanSino Biologics and the Beijing Institute of Biotechnology of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences
Kind of vaccine: Viral Vector
Patent Number: CN111218459
Patent’s abstract: The invention provides a novel coronavirus vaccine taking human type 5 replication-defective adenovirus as a vector. The vaccine takes replication-defective human type 5 adenovirus with combined deletion of E1 and E3 as a vector, HEK293 cells integrating adenovirus E1 genes as a packaging cell line and carried protective antigen genes are 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) S protein genes (Ad5-nCoV) which are subjected to optimization design. After the S protein gene is optimized, the expression level in the transfected cells is obviously increased. The vaccine has good immunogenicity on mouse and guinea pig models and can induce organisms to generate strong cellular and humoral immune responses in a short time. The protection effect research on the hACE2 transgenic mouse shows that the virus load in lung tissues can be obviously reduced after a single immunization of Ad5-nCoV14 days, and the vaccine has a good immune protection effect on 2019 novel coronavirus. In addition, the vaccine is fast and simple to prepare, and can be produced in a large scale in a short time to cope with sudden epidemic situations.
- Name of the vaccine: RBD-DIMER
Developer/Manufacturer: Chinese company Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical
Kind of vaccine: Subunit vaccine
Patent number: CN106928326
Patent’s abstract: The invention discloses a kind of coronavirus vaccine of the receptor binding domain subunit based on dimerization, belong to pharmaceutical technology field.The present invention expresses RBD (E367 Y606) regions of MERS CoV albumen and the RBD (R294 F515) of ARS CoV by baculoviral body in insect cell, so that RBD by the cysteine residues of S protein itself 603 can form dimer or form dimer by the cysteine residues of S protein itself 512, Balb/c mouse are immunized using the RBD albumen dimer and monomer of purifying respectively. The RBD of dimerization of the invention overcomes the not enough shortcoming of RBD monomeric immunogenics, and the neutralizing antibody for substantially increasing mouse for MERS CoV is produced.
- Name of the vaccine: MINHAI
Developer/Manufacturer: Minhai Biotechnology Co. and Kangtai Biological
Products Co. Ltd. in China.
Kind of vaccine: Inactivated Virus
Patent number: US20160166675
Abstract of the patent: NO INFORMATION IN PUBLIC DOMAIN
Contact Information: No. 35, Simiao Road, Daxing Biomedical Industrial Base, Zhongguancun Science Park, Daxing District, Beijing, T- 010-59613600
- Name of the vaccine: PFIZER-BIONTECH
Developer/Manufacturer: GERMANY COMPANYBIONTECH AMERICAN COMPANY- PFIZER
Kind of vaccine: mRNA VACCINE
Patent number: NO DATA AVAILABLE IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN.
Url of the company: https://www.pfizer.com/
Contact Information: 235 East 42nd Street NY, NY 10017, T- (212) 733-2323
- Name of the vaccine: COVIVAC
Developer/Manufacturer: Chumakov Centre at the Russian Academy of
Kind of vaccine: Inactivated Virus
Patent number: NO DATA AVAILABLE IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN
Contact Information:108819, Russian Federation, city of Moscow, settlement Moskovsky, settlement of the Institute of Poliomyelitis, household 8, building 1, T- +7(495) 841-90-02, +7(495) 531-01-70
Email Address: sue_polio@chumakovs.su
- Name of the vaccine: QazCovid-in/QazVac
Developer/Manufacturer: Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems in Kazakhstan
Kind of vaccine: Inactivated Virus Vaccine
Patent number: NO DATA AVAILABLE IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN.
Contact Information: 15 Momyshuly str., Guardeyskiy uts of Korday district of Zhambyl region, postcode: 080409, T- (726-36) 7-22-28
- Name of the vaccine: EPIVAC CORONA
Developer/Manufacturer: Russian State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR.
Kind of vaccine: Peptide Vaccine
Patent number: NO DATA AVAILABLE IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN.
Contact Information: Koltsovo, Novosibirsk reg., 630559, Russia, T- 7+3833+366010
Email Id: vector@vector.nsk.su
- Name of the vaccine: COVIran Barakat
Developer/Manufacturer: Shifa Pharmed Industrial Co in Iran.
Kind of vaccine: Inactivated Virus
Patent number: NO DATA AVAILABLE IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN.
Contact Information: 1701 K Street NW, Suite 805, Washington, DC 20006 USA, T- 202-223-8299
- Name of the vaccine: Sinopharm-BBIBP
Developer/Manufacturer: China National Pharmaceutical Group.
KIND OF VACCINE: Inactivated Virus Vaccine
Patent number: NO DATA AVAILABLE IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN.
Contact Information: No. 20 Zhichun Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China, Postal Code: 100191, T- 86-10-82287727
- Name of the vaccine: COVAXIN
Developer/Manufacturer: Indian Company- Bharat Biotech & ICMR
Kind of vaccine: Inactivated Virus.
Patent number: NO DATA AVAILABLE IN PUBLIC DOMAIN
Contact Information: Genome Valley Shameerpet, Hyderabad – 500 078 Telangana INDIA, T- +91 40 2778 4084, Ph: +91 40 2348 0567, Mob: +91 99480 80567, Fax: +91 40 2348 0560
- Name of the vaccine: Sinopharm-BBIBP
Developer/Manufacturer: China National Pharmaceutical Group
Kind of vaccine: Inactivated Virus Vaccine
Patent number: NO DATA AVAILABLE IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN.
Contact Information: No. 20 Zhichun Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China, Postal Code: 100191, T- 86-10-82287727
- Name of the vaccine: Coronavac/Sinovac
Developer/manufacturer: Chinese company Sinovac, Life Sciences (Beijing, China)
Kind of vaccine: Inactivated Virus.
Patent number: NO DATA AVAILABLE IN PUBLIC DOMAIN
Author: Apoorva, ICFAI Law School, ICFAI University, Dehradun
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[1] https://intellizence.com/insights/top-10-companies-leading-the-race-of-covid-19-vaccine/
