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TM, ®, and © in India: Legal Meaning, Usage, and Common Misconceptions

TM, ®, and © are commonly used symbols, but their legal meaning in India is often misunderstood. Each represents a different form of intellectual property protection and must be used correctly to avoid legal risk. This article explains the distinction, correct usage, and common misconceptions associated with these symbols in India.

IP Agreements in India: What Contracts You Need Across the IP Lifecycle

Intellectual property in India is governed not only by statutory rights but also by a range of agreements that define ownership, protection, and commercial use. From confidentiality and employment contracts to licensing and assignment, each stage of the IP lifecycle requires specific contractual structuring. This article outlines the key IP agreements used in India and their role in protecting and commercialising intellectual property.

Technology Transfer in India: Structuring Patent and Know-How Agreements

Technology transfer in India often involves both patent rights and know-how. Structuring agreements that clearly define scope, ownership, confidentiality, and royalty terms is critical for effective commercialisation. This article outlines key considerations for drafting patent and know-how agreements in India.

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Innovation in Business

do read about the latest and interesting innovations touching our lives 

Trademark Registration India: A Complete Step-by-Step Guide for 2026

Introduction: The Cost of Waiting Too Long Most founders focus on growth first and protection later. That approach works until someone copies your brand name. At that point, fixing the issue becomes expensive and stressful. Trademark registration India has become a...

TM, ®, and © in India: Legal Meaning, Usage, and Common Misconceptions

Symbols such as TM, ®, and © are widely used alongside brand names, logos, and creative works. Despite their common presence, their legal meaning and correct usage are often misunderstood. In India, these symbols do not merely serve as labels. They indicate different...

IP Agreements in India: What Contracts You Need Across the IP Lifecycle

Intellectual property is not managed through statutory rights alone. In practice, patents, trademarks, designs, and copyrights derive commercial value only when supported by a structured set of agreements that define ownership, control, use, and transfer. In India,...

Technology Transfer in India: Structuring Patent and Know-How Agreements

Technology transfer in India is rarely limited to the assignment of a patent. In most commercial arrangements, value lies not only in the patented invention but also in the associated know-how, technical data, manufacturing processes, and operational experience...

Patent Landscape Report: Synthetic Biological Trends in Gene Editing and Artificial Organisms

This report presents a detailed patent landscape analysis of synthetic biology, focusing on gene editing and artificial organisms. It examines global filing trends, key assignees, jurisdictional activity, and technology classifications to provide a clear view of the...

Patent Valuation in India: How to Assess the Commercial Value of a Patent

For foreign patent owners, the commercial value of a patent in India is not determined solely by the existence of granted claims. Valuation depends on a combination of legal strength, market potential, and the ability to generate revenue through licensing or direct...

Patent Licensing in India: Key Considerations for Foreign Patent Owners

For foreign patent owners, obtaining a patent in India is only one part of the broader commercial strategy. The ability to license that patent effectively determines how value is realized in the Indian market. Licensing in India operates within a defined legal...

Compulsory Licensing in India: When Can It Be Invoked and What It Means for Foreign Patentees

For foreign patentees, India presents a patent system where post-grant obligations and public interest considerations are more actively integrated into the legal framework than in many other jurisdictions. One of the most significant manifestations of this approach is...

Working Statement (Form 27) in India: Compliance Obligations for Foreign Patentees

For foreign patent owners with granted patents in India, post-grant compliance obligations often receive less attention than prosecution strategy. One such obligation is the requirement to submit a working statement under Form 27. Although procedural in appearance,...

Unity of Invention in India: How to Handle Multiple Claim Sets in PCT Applications

For foreign patent attorneys managing PCT national phase filings in India, unity of invention is a recurring point of difficulty during examination. Applications that proceed without significant unity concerns in other jurisdictions may attract objections before the...

Trademark Tales

a new series on interesting stories behind Trademarks

PINQ

At the breakfast table when 5-year-old daughter of Manveen Kaur talked about wearing all pink color dress for her birthday, it came as an idea how Pink as a color is associated with every woman and how every woman adores the color. With this thought the PINQ word was born. The word Pinq focuses on...

Silpakarman

'Silpakarman' is a Sanskrit word which means handcrafted. It is a bamboo innovation company that brings together the traditional goodness of bamboo and modern needs to create sustainable products. Its core value is to rely on the places where these products are made, the people who make them and...

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IP Agreements in India: What Contracts You Need Across the IP Lifecycle

IP Agreements in India: What Contracts You Need Across the IP Lifecycle

Intellectual property in India is governed not only by statutory rights but also by a range of agreements that define ownership, protection, and commercial use. From confidentiality and employment contracts to licensing and assignment, each stage of the IP lifecycle requires specific contractual structuring. This article outlines the key IP agreements used in India and their role in protecting and commercialising intellectual property.

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Amendment of Claims in India: Navigating Section 59 During Prosecution

Amendment of Claims in India: Navigating Section 59 During Prosecution

Section 59 of the Indian Patents Act strictly limits how claims can be amended during prosecution. For PCT national phase applications, these restrictions can affect how objections are addressed and whether amendments are accepted. This article explains the scope of permissible amendments, common pitfalls, and strategic considerations for foreign patent attorneys handling India filings.

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Foreign Filing Licence in India: When Is It Required and What Are the Risks of Non-Compliance?

Foreign Filing Licence in India: When Is It Required and What Are the Risks of Non-Compliance?

Foreign Filing Licence under Section 39 of the Indian Patents Act is a mandatory requirement for inventions involving Indian resident inventors. Non-compliance can impact patent validity and enforcement. This article explains when a licence is required, available filing routes, and the risks associated with non-compliance in cross-border patent filings.

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Download eBooks

A Handbook on Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace – PoSH

The Sexual Harassment of Women At Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, And Redressal) Act, 2013, is an important step towards ensuring not only the safety and mobility of the workforce but also the growth of businesses and, consequently, economies…

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ebook All-about-Intellectual-Property-Rights

All about Intellectual Property Rights

The term Intellectual Property (IP), as the name suggests, means product of the mind or the intellect. In our day-to-day life we come across various forms of Intellectual property such as television, personal computer, microwave oven, refrigerator…

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25 Myths about Patents – demystified

The objective of this book is to demystify some of the common myths that people generally have about the patents. In today’s world where there is lots of emphasis on entrepreneurship and innovation, the word “patent” has become a buzz word…

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All you want to know about Patents

The objective of this book is to present an insight to different aspects of
Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). The book is a compilation of various articles published by Origiin IP Solutions LLP and aims to provide a clear understanding of importance of patent search, considerations before filing for a patent, process of patenting…

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Minimising risk of PATENT INFRINGEMENT

The objective of this book is to allow readers to comprehend the ways to reduce patent infringement risks in today’s competitive backdrop. Freedom to Operate or FTO search is the most effective manner to reduce patent infringement risks and is to be compulsorily done by everybody willing to launch a new product in the market…

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New Product Development and Patents

Our book named ‘New Product Development & Patents’ is an effort to list out the ways organizations can make use of existing patents and give right direction to R&D efforts…

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25 Things to know before preparing for Patent Agent Exam

 

Glossary of Terms in Indian Patent Law

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