Jun 7, 2023 | General
In the year 1977, despite the absence of established safeguards for women, the Supreme Court acknowledged their importance in the case of Vishaka & Ors. vs. State of Rajasthan. As a result, several laws were subsequently established in India to prevent the sexual harassment of women.
One significant legislation is the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Act, 2013, commonly referred to as the ‘PoSH Act.’ This Indian law was enacted to foster a safer work environment by preventing, prohibiting, and addressing instances of sexual harassment. The Ministry of Women and Child Development enforced this law nationwide in December 2013. Under this Act, sexual harassment is recognized as a violation of a woman’s fundamental rights, including equality, dignity, and the freedom to pursue any profession or occupation. By acknowledging the importance of safeguarding women’s well-being at work, the PoSH Act plays a vital role in promoting gender equality and protecting the rights of women.
PoSH Compliance
The scope of the POSH Act extends to cover companies, workplaces, facilities, or organizations with a workforce of ten or more individuals, regardless of their employment type (full-time, part-time, interns, or contract workers), industry, or location.
According to definition of workplace given under section 2, the PoSH Act applies to workplaces of all types, including government and private sector offices, factories, shops, and more. It is intended to protect women in the workplace from sexual harassment, regardless of their age, marital status, or position within the company. The policy also covers women who are indirectly associated with the company, such as contractors or service providers under its control and supervision. Its purpose is to provide comprehensive protection and support to all women in the workplace, regardless of their employment status or contractual arrangements.
This legislation outlines several essential measures that companies must implement to establish a conducive workplace environment for their female employees. These measures include:
- Formulating a policy aimed at preventing sexual harassment within the company.
- Establishing an Internal Complaints Committee (ICC) responsible for handling and resolving sexual harassment complaints.
- Conducting regular awareness programs to educate employees about their rights and responsibilities in creating a safe workplace.
- Preparing and submitting an annual POSH Compliance Report to ensure ongoing adherence to the Act’s requirements and guidelines.
By adhering to these prescribed measures, companies can proactively cultivate an environment that prioritizes the well-being and security of their female workforce, thereby fostering an inclusive and supportive workplace culture.
PoSH Policy
The PoSH policy encompasses the guidelines and procedures that Indian companies must follow to comply with the law. The PoSH Act mandates every company to establish an Internal Complaints Committee (ICC) responsible for investigating sexual harassment allegations. The policy outlines the composition, duties, and responsibilities of the ICC, as well as the procedures for handling and resolving complaints. It also sets specific timelines for conducting investigations and resolving cases related to sexual harassment.
Furthermore, the policy provides protection to women who report sexual harassment complaints, safeguarding them from any form of victimization or retaliation. In accordance with the PoSH Act of 2013, companies are also obligated to conduct regular awareness and training programs on sexual harassment prevention and ensure a safe and supportive workplace for all employees.
Non-compliance with the PoSH Act can result in legal and financial consequences for employers. Hence, it is crucial for companies to establish and enforce the PoSH policy, prioritizing employee protection and fostering a positive work environment.
Important clauses in a PoSH Policy
- Scope and Objective– The policy should start with a section that introduces its purpose, scope, and application. It should provide a comprehensive overview of the policy’s extent, including the types of employees (full-time, part-time, contract-based, interns) and workplace environments (offices, branches, remote locations) to which it pertains.
- Definitions- This clause of the policy should provide proper definitions of important terms like employer, workplace, employee, aggrieved woman, sexual harassment, etc. which is also in line with the definitions provided in the PoSH Act.
- Prohibition of Sexual Harassment– The policy should clearly state that the workplace has a zero-tolerance policy towards sexual harassment and that all forms of harassment will be met with appropriate disciplinary measures.
- Responsibility of the Employer– The policy should highlight the role of the employer in ensuring the prevention of sexual harassment at workplace and o diligently implement the PoSH policy in the company.
- Internal Complaints Committee– The policy should include information about the ICC’s composition, functions, and duties, as well as their training and the method for reporting complaints.
- Complaint Procedure– The policy should provide the process to submit a complaint to the ICC including the time limits. It should also mention the procedure for ICC to receive, investigate and decide upon the complaint accordingly.
- Confidentiality- The policy should emphasis on maintaining the confidentiality and privacy of those involved in the complaint procedure.
- Training and Awareness Program- The policy should encompass provisions regarding the implementation of routine awareness and training initiatives focused on preventing sexual harassment, guaranteeing that all employees are well-informed about their rights and obligations in this regard.
- Disciplinary Action- The policy should clearly mention what kinds of disciplinary action will be taken against employees for non-compliance with the PoSH policy.
To conclude, the implementation of a PoSH Policy in every company is the right step to take to ensure a safe and inclusive workplace for all employees, especially women. It is the fundamental right of every woman to be able to work in a dignified manner, without being exposed to harassment. Thus, having a PoSH policy can empower employees, promote equality, and ultimately lead to the overall success and well-being of a company.
Author: Indra Priyadarshini, Origiin IP Solutions LLP
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Jun 1, 2023 | General
Shell is one of the world’s largest multinational oil and gas companies. Officially known as Royal Dutch Shell plc, the company was formed in 1907 through the merger of Royal Dutch Petroleum and Shell Transport and Trading Company. Shell operates in various energy industry sectors, including exploration, production, refining, distribution, and marketing of oil and gas products. The company’s headquarters are located in The Hague, Netherlands, and it has a registered office in London, United Kingdom. Shell has a significant presence in over 70 countries and employs more than 80,000 people worldwide.
Shell[1] is involved in the entire oil and gas value chain, from upstream activities such as exploration and production of hydrocarbons to downstream operations involving refining crude oil, marketing petroleum products, and distributing them through a vast network of retail outlets. Shell also has interests in renewable energy sources like wind, solar, and biofuels, as it aims to diversify its energy portfolio and contribute to a sustainable future. Shell has played a vital role in developing the global energy industry throughout its history. It has been involved in ground-breaking projects and technological innovations, ranging from offshore drilling and liquefied natural gas (LNG) to advanced refining techniques and carbon capture and storage initiatives. Shell is committed to sustainable practices and has set ambitious targets to reduce its carbon footprint and promote environmental stewardship. The company invests in research and development to develop cleaner energy solutions and supports social and community development initiatives in its operating areas.
As a major oil and gas industry player, Shell faces challenges and opportunities related to evolving energy trends, geopolitical factors, climate change, and the global transition to a low-carbon economy. The company continues to adapt and innovate to meet these challenges while maintaining its position as a leading energy company globally.
- Exploration and Production: Shell has a strong presence in upstream activities, including exploration and production of oil and gas reserves. The company operates with conventional and unconventional resources, utilizing advanced technologies and techniques to maximize resource recovery.
- Downstream Operations: Shell has an extensive downstream portfolio, which involves refining crude oil into various petroleum products such as gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, lubricants, and chemicals. It operates worldwide refineries and has a substantial retail network with thousands of service stations.
- Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG): Shell is one of the leading players in the LNG industry. It has expertise in liquefaction, shipping, and regasification of natural gas. The company has invested in LNG infrastructure and has developed significant LNG projects, making it a major supplier of LNG to global markets.
- Renewable Energy: Shell has invested in renewable energy projects recognizing the need to transition to cleaner energy sources. It has interests in wind energy, solar power, biofuels, and electric vehicle charging infrastructure. Shell aims to integrate renewables into its portfolio while leveraging its existing expertise in energy markets.
- Climate Change Initiatives: Shell acknowledges the challenges of climate change and is committed to reducing its greenhouse gas emissions. The company has set targets to decrease its carbon footprint and has invested in technologies like carbon capture and storage (CCS) to mitigate emissions. It also supports initiatives to promote energy efficiency and sustainable practices.
- Innovation and Research: Shell invests significantly in research and development to drive innovation in the energy sector. It collaborates with academic institutions, startups, and technology companies to explore new technologies, improve operational efficiency, and develop sustainable energy solutions.
Shell’s position as a global energy company places it at the forefront of addressing the evolving energy landscape. It continues to adapt and navigate the changing industry dynamics while striving to meet the world’s energy needs responsibly and sustainably.
History of the Shell[2]
Shell Oil and Gas Company, officially known as Royal Dutch Shell plc, has a rich history that spans over a century. It all began in the late 19th century when Marcus Samuel founded Samuel & Company, a London-based business traded in seashells and curiosities. However, Marcus Samuel Jr., recognizing the emerging demand for oil, took a significant step by venturing into the kerosene trade. In 1892, he introduced the brand “Shell” and started importing and selling kerosene, a popular illuminant of the time.
The turning point in Shell’s history came in 1897 when the Shell Transport and Trading Company was formed. This entity was established to manage and expand the shipping and trading activities of the Samuel family’s business. Meanwhile, in 1890, the Royal Dutch Petroleum Company was founded in The Hague, Netherlands, with the purpose of exploring and producing oil in the Dutch East Indies, present-day Indonesia. 1907 marked a milestone as Royal Dutch Petroleum and Shell Transport and Trading Company merged, forming Royal Dutch Shell Group, or simply Shell. This merger brought together the Dutch’s technical expertise and the British’s global reach, creating a powerful oil and gas industry force. Shell became a formidable competitor to the dominant Standard Oil Company, expanding its operations into the United States. Throughout the early 20th century, Shell’s exploration efforts yielded significant discoveries. In 1931, the company made a ground-breaking oil discovery in Bahrain, marking its entry into the Middle East and laying the foundation for its future regional endeavors. Shell’s commitment to innovation and technological advancements led to the discovery of the Groningen gas field in the Netherlands in 1958, one of the largest natural gas fields in the world. This pivotal discovery positioned Shell as a major player in the natural gas sector, opening new avenues for growth and profitability.
In the 1970s, Shell embarked on a path of diversification, recognizing the need to adapt to changing energy dynamics. The company expanded its operations beyond traditional oil and gas, investing in coal, nuclear power, and alternative energy sources. This strategic move aimed to reduce dependence on hydrocarbon resources and position Shell as an integrated energy company capable of addressing emerging energy challenges. In the decades that followed, Shell continued to grow and evolve. The company expanded its global footprint, engaging in exploration and production activities in various regions, including Africa, Asia, and the Americas. In recent years, Shell has demonstrated a commitment to addressing climate change and pursuing sustainable energy solutions. The company has set ambitious targets to reduce its carbon footprint, invest in renewable energy projects, and support transitioning to a low-carbon economy. Shell remains one of the largest and most influential oil and gas companies.
History and Evolution of the Shell Logo[3]
The Shell logo has undergone several transformations throughout the history of Shell Oil and Gas Company. The evolution of the logo reflects the changing times, brand identity, and visual communication trends. Here is a chronological overview of the Shell logo’s history:
1890 – 1907:
The seashells that Marcus Samuel Senior imported from the Far East in the late 19th century are the source of the word “Shell.” His sons Marcus Junior and Samuel adopted Shell as the brand name for the kerosene they were shipping to Asia. Shell Transport and Trading Company were chosen for the new import-export organization founded in 1897 as kerosene sales began predominating the business’s turnover. When the company merged with Royal Dutch to become the Royal Dutch Shell Group in 1907, the Shell name temporarily lost prominence. However, the newly formed company rapidly adopted the abbreviation “Shell” for short.
The Pecten Shell (1900-1929):
The initial logo of Shell Oil and Gas Company featured a detailed illustration of a scallop shell known as the “pecten.” This logo was introduced in the early 1900s, reflecting the company’s roots in the seashell trade. The intricate design captured the natural beauty of the shell, showcasing its ridges and patterns.
Streamlined Pecten Shell (1930-1960):
In the 1930s, the Shell logo underwent a significant simplification. The Pecten Shell was streamlined and stylized to create a more modern and abstract representation. The detailed features of the shell were minimized, resulting in smoother lines and a cleaner design. This updated version of the logo aligned with the visual communication trends of the time, embracing a simpler and more minimalist approach. The Pecten Shell logo was often accompanied by the word “Shell” in elegant typography, creating a visually appealing and sophisticated brand identity.
Red and Yellow Colour Scheme (1948-present):
In 1948, Shell introduced a new color scheme that has remained consistent in its logo. The bold and distinctive combination of red and yellow became synonymous with the brand. The red color symbolized passion, dynamism, and energy, reflecting Shell’s commitment to the industry. Yellow represents happiness, positivity, and optimism, highlighting the company’s aim to bring light and progress to people’s lives. This iconic color scheme helped the Shell logo stand out and become instantly recognizable worldwide.
Scaled-Down Pecten Shell (1971-present):
In 1971, Shell redesigned the logo again, further simplifying the Pecten Shell. The updated version featured a more minimalistic and abstract representation of the shell. The design reduced the number of lines and details, resulting in a cleaner and more streamlined appearance. This simplified approach allowed for easy scalability and enhanced readability across various mediums and sizes. The logo retained the vibrant red and yellow color scheme, with the word “Shell” often incorporated alongside or below the shell symbol.
Evolutionary Refinements (1995-present):
Since the 1990s, the Shell logo has undergone several refinements to keep up with modern design trends—the refinements aimed to enhance the visual appeal and adaptability of the logo. One notable change was the introduction of three-dimensionality and depth to the Pecten Shell, giving it a more dynamic and contemporary look. The logo’s appearance became more fluid and organic, aligning with the digital age and reflecting Shell’s commitment to innovation and progress.
The Shell logo has maintained key elements connecting it to its heritage and identity throughout its evolution. The recognizable Pecten Shell remains a central focus, symbolizing the origin of the company’s name and reflecting its historical association with the seashell trade. The red and yellow color scheme has also remained consistent, representing the brand’s vitality, energy, and positive outlook.
The evolution of the Shell logo mirrors the company’s journey as it adapts to changing times and embraces new technologies. While the logo has undergone refinements to align with modern design trends, it continues to embody the values and aspirations of the Shell brand, symbolizing quality, reliability, and innovation in the energy industry.
Conclusion
The Shell Oil and Gas Company’s history includes resilience, innovation, and adaptation. From its origins in the seashell trade to its emergence as a global energy giant, Shell has continuously evolved to meet the challenges and demands of the ever-changing energy industry. Throughout its history, Shell has demonstrated its dedication to technological advancements, exploration, and diversification. It has made significant oil and gas discoveries, expanded its operations globally, and diversified its portfolio to include alternative energy sources.
The company’s logo has significantly influenced its brand identity and recognition. The evolution of the Shell logo reflects not only the changes in design trends but also Shell’s commitment to staying relevant and visually engaging in the modern era. The logo has undergone streamlining and simplification while retaining key elements such as the iconic Pecten Shell and the vibrant red and yellow color scheme. Furthermore, Shell’s logo symbolizes quality, reliability, and innovation in the energy industry. It represents the company’s commitment to providing vital energy resources and developing sustainable solutions for the future. The logo’s evolution showcases Shell’s ability to adapt to changing times while maintaining a connection to its heritage and core values. As Shell continues its journey, it remains committed to addressing the global energy transition and pursuing sustainable practices. The logo will likely continue to evolve, reflecting Shell’s ongoing commitment to innovation, environmental responsibility, and meeting the energy needs of a changing world. Overall, the history of Shell Oil and Gas Company and its logo highlights a legacy of resilience, adaptation, and a continued focus on driving progress in the energy sector.
References
Author: Siddhartha MA, Rajiv Gandhi School of Intellectual Property Law, IIT Kharagpur
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[1] https://www.shell.com/
[2] https://www.shell.com/about-us/our-heritage/our-company-history.html
[3] https://www.shell.in/about-us/the-shell-brand.html
Jun 1, 2023 | General
Mahindra & Mahindra Limited, commonly known as M&M, is an Indian multinational conglomerate headquartered in Mumbai, India. It is a part of the Mahindra Group, one of India’s largest business conglomerates. Established in 1945 as a steel trading company, Mahindra & Mahindra has evolved into a diversified business entity with interests in various sectors. Automotive is the core business of Mahindra & Mahindra, and the company is known for manufacturing a wide range of vehicles, including passenger cars, commercial vehicles, and agricultural tractors. It is one of the leading automotive manufacturers in India and has a significant presence in the global market. Mahindra’s automotive division is renowned for producing robust, reliable, and utility-focused vehicles.
Besides automobiles, Mahindra & Mahindra has diversified its business interests into several other sectors. It has a strong presence in the agricultural sector with its agricultural equipment division, which manufactures tractors, farm machinery, and irrigation systems. The company is committed to driving innovation and sustainability in agriculture, empowering farmers with modern technologies and solutions.
- Global Reach: Mahindra & Mahindra has a widespread global presence with manufacturing facilities, assembly plants, and sales networks across different continents. The company has established a strong foothold in key international markets, including the United States, Europe, South Africa, China, Australia, and South Korea.
- Electric Mobility: Mahindra & Mahindra has actively developed and promoted electric vehicles (EVs). It has launched several electric models, including the Mahindra e2o, e-Verito sedans, and the Mahindra eSupro electric van. The company is committed to contributing to sustainable mobility solutions and is investing in advanced EV technologies.
- Tech-Driven Innovation: Mahindra & Mahindra strongly emphasizes technological innovation. The company has established Mahindra Research Valley in Chennai as its global research and development hub. Through this centre, Mahindra focuses on developing cutting-edge technologies and solutions across various sectors, including automotive, agriculture, and aerospace.
- Collaborations and Acquisitions: Mahindra & Mahindra actively engages in collaborations and acquisitions to enhance its capabilities and expand its offerings. The company has partnered with global players like Ford, Pininfarina, and SsangYong to leverage their expertise and access new markets. Mahindra also acquired Reva Electric Car Company, a pioneer in electric vehicle technology.
- Sustainability Efforts: Mahindra & Mahindra strongly emphasizes sustainability in its operations. The company is actively involved in renewable energy projects, including wind and solar power generation. It has also implemented measures to reduce its carbon footprint and improve energy efficiency across its facilities.
- Awards and Recognition: Mahindra & Mahindra has received numerous awards for its business performance, product quality, and corporate citizenship. It has been consistently featured in prestigious rankings such as Forbes Global 2000 and Fortune India 500. The company’s commitment to sustainability has also earned it accolades in various sustainability indices.
Overall, Mahindra & Mahindra is a prominent Indian conglomerate known for its automotive prowess, diversified business interests, and commitment to sustainability. With a rich history and a forward-looking approach, the company plays a significant role in shaping various industries. Mahindra & Mahindra continues to evolve and adapt to emerging trends and challenges in the global market. With a focus on innovation, sustainability, and social responsibility, the company aims to contribute to advancing industries and positively impact society.
History of Mahindra & Mahindra Company
The history of Mahindra & Mahindra (M&M)[1] dates back to 1945 when two brothers, J.C. Mahindra, and K.C. Mahindra, along with Malik Ghulam Mohammed, established Mahindra & Mohammed as a steel trading company in Mumbai, India. Soon after, in 1948, the company was renamed Mahindra & Mahindra. The company’s early years were focused on importing and assembling vehicles. In 1949, Mahindra & Mahindra acquired the license to manufacture Willys jeeps in India. This marked a significant milestone, leading to the production of the iconic Mahindra CJ-3A, the company’s first vehicle. Over the years, Mahindra & Mahindra expanded its presence in the automotive sector. In the 1950s and 1960s, the company began manufacturing other vehicles, including light commercial vehicles, agricultural tractors, and utility vehicles. Mahindra’s vehicles gained popularity for their ruggedness, reliability, and suitability for Indian roads and rural applications.
In 1962, Mahindra & Mahindra entered into a collaboration with International Harvester Company, USA, to produce tractors. This partnership laid the foundation for Mahindra Tractors, a significant business segment. In the 1980s and 1990s, Mahindra & Mahindra continued strengthening its position in the automotive industry. It introduced new models, such as the Mahindra Armada, Mahindra Classic, and Mahindra Bolero, which became popular choices among customers. During the same period, the company also expanded its international presence. It established assembly plants in several countries, including Brazil, Egypt, and Yugoslavia, catering to the demand for Mahindra vehicles in global markets. In the early 2000s, Mahindra & Mahindra ventured into the SUV segment with the launch of the Mahindra Scorpio. The Scorpio gained widespread recognition for its performance and became a key contributor to its growth. In subsequent years, Mahindra & Mahindra focused on further diversifying its business interests. It entered into strategic acquisitions and collaborations to expand into new sectors such as information technology, hospitality, finance, and aerospace. In 2010, Mahindra & Mahindra acquired a majority stake in SsangYong Motor Company, a South Korean automotive manufacturer, expanding its global footprint and access to advanced technologies. Mahindra & Mahindra has also been at India’s forefront of electric mobility. It introduced electric vehicle models such as the Mahindra e2o and e-Verito, contributing to the country’s transition towards sustainable transportation solutions.
Throughout its history, Mahindra & Mahindra has prioritized innovation, customer-centricity, and social responsibility. The company has received numerous awards and recognition for its business performance, product quality, and commitment to sustainability. Today, Mahindra & Mahindra is one of India’s leading automotive manufacturers, with a diverse portfolio of vehicles and a global presence. It continues to expand its reach, invest in research and development, and explore new avenues to drive growth and create value for its stakeholders.
Evolution of the Mahindra & Mahindra logo[2]
1948 – 2000
Mahindra’s first logo, which has been used for over fifty years, was designed in 1948, just three years after the firm was founded. It was a black medallion with silver accents shaped like a circle. The badge’s central logotype, written in black custom font glyphs and featuring a solid silver circle crossed by a black cross, was enclosed within a circular frame that was ornamented with short silver lines that gave the impression of being a steering wheel.
2000 – 2012
The first Mahindra logo was created in the third year following the company’s establishment. Although it has undergone some modest modifications, it is still in use today, along with the new visual identity. A new badge was introduced with the redesign in 2000, consisting of a bold, grey logotype set in the same typeface as the previous badge and a red graphic emblem. A wordmark with a symbol on top makes up the logo. The bespoke typeface used to create the classic grey wordmark has softened edges and whimsical tails. The nameplate’s large letters symbolize the durability and strength of the brand.
The Mahindra logo is an oval-shaped figure with the word “M” styled on it and made up of three diagonal lines. It has a road-like appearance and conveys a feeling of movement and speed. It reflects the brand’s commitment to innovation and teamwork. The circular shape of the logo symbolizes balance and harmony, while the stripes on the “M” represent the brand’s forward-thinking philosophy. The firm’s logo, used from 2000 until 2012, has a red-letter M in the shape of a road beneath the grey company name.
2012 – present
In 2012, Mahindra introduced a new, more contemporary logo for the company, which consists of a single wordmark. In the name, they used the word “Rise,” which spoke to the company’s rapid expansion. The primary logo of Mahindra no longer includes the graphical insignia that was formerly used. While the grey of “Rise’s” fine and delicate lines conjures a sense of professionalism and authority, the red colour of the nameplate symbolises the brand’s enthusiasm and energy, as well as its power and confidence in everything it does.
The new Mahindra logo is intended to be simple yet powerful. Because of the emphasis on vivid colour, it has an imposing and stunning appearance. The distinctive typeface, which includes subtle features like the open letter “A” and interesting connections of the “D” and “H” lines, gives the logo an appearance that is both contemporary and fashionable. It is a powerful visual identity for the utility vehicle market, demonstrating the brand’s competence and consistency.
2021 – present
The new visual identity represents the manufacturer’s commitment to developing an exclusive brand of exceptional models for their research. Because the shapes on the emblem visually resemble two wings pointing upward, the company’s aesthetic must conjure up actual feelings of freedom in individuals. The logo is a metallic grey colour. For Mahindra, a new badge was made in 2021. The Mahindra badge’s wording has been removed as part of the revamp, leaving only a modern, three-dimensional insignia. It is now an abstract composition of two mirrored parts in a matte silver gradient. The elements’ upper halves are extended and sharpened, and when they are arranged face to face, they create a shape that resembles the letter “M.”
The new logo encapsulates the brand’s origins and future goals, representing a 75-year journey. However, with the most recent makeover, the wordmark was eliminated from the Indian Automaker’s badge, leaving just the silver gradient emblem. The primary colour of the Mahindra palette is uniform yellowish silver. It conveys a sense of perfection and quality, underscoring the firm’s reliability and professionalism.
Conclusion
Mahindra & Mahindra is a renowned automotive company with a rich history and a diverse range of vehicles and services. The company has established itself as a prominent player in the automotive industry, both domestically in India and internationally. Mahindra & Mahindra strongly focuses on manufacturing robust and reliable vehicles, including SUVs, trucks, commercial vehicles, and electric vehicles. With its commitment to innovation, sustainability, and customer satisfaction, the company continues to make significant contributions to the automotive sector. Mahindra & Mahindra’s success can be attributed to its strong brand reputation, technological advancements, extensive distribution network, and customer-centric approach.
A distinctive wordmark primarily represents the Mahindra & Mahindra automotive logo. The logo has changed typography, colour, and design over the years, reflecting the company’s evolution and design trends. The logo typically features a bold and modern typography style, with colour, size, and arrangement variations. The brand colours red and grey are often used, representing energy, power, and sophistication. Red is often associated with energy, passion, and power, reflecting the brand’s commitment to delivering robust, high-performance vehicles. On the other hand, Grey conveys sophistication, elegance, and strength, enhancing the logo’s visual appeal. The logo has embraced simplified and minimalistic designs, allowing for better scalability and adaptability.
References
Author: Siddhartha MA, Rajiv Gandhi School of Intellectual Property Law, IIT Kharagpur
Please contact us at info@origiin.com to know more about our services (Patent, Trademark, Copyright, Contract, IP Licensing, M&A of companies)
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[1] https://www.mahindra.com/
[2] https://logohistory.net/mahindra-logo/
Jun 1, 2023 | Patent
The first ever aeroplane was introduced to the world in North Caroline on the 17th of December in the year 1903 by Orville and Wilbur Wright, who are popularly known as the Wright Brothers. It is undeniable that the brothers derived a lot of information for their invention from previous inventors like Chanute, Langley, and Lilienthal. Though they did make several discoveries that made the aeroplane fly, The plane simply rose 20 feet above the ground throughout the brief (12-second) flight; nonetheless, the flight was revolutionary. Some contend that the “aerial age” was founded by the Wrights’ discoveries and inventions. Following the development of this original design, the Wrights proceeded quickly to secure the patent rights to their invention by submitting applications in the US, UK, France, and Germany. The patent applications that were submitted in Britain and France were both approved in 1904, but the German patent application proved to be much more challenging. It was first refused, but the initial judgement was overturned with the help of a German advocate. The German courts, meanwhile, found that the patent’s structure was too restrictive.
An Advocate’s Shield
The Wright Brothers had drafted their initial patent application and were unable to show a functional aircraft. The US Patent Office advised them to see a patent attorney after they were refused a patent. They were directed to Harry A. Toulmin in Springfield, Ohio, by friends. Wilbur Wright appointed Toulmin on January 22, 1904, to assist with their patent. Despite 30 lawsuits filed by individuals claiming to be the creators of the aeroplane, Toulmin wrapped up the patent so securely that no one was able to break it throughout the patient’s lifetime. He suggested that the patent should cover the method of flight control rather than trying to protect the complete plane. The three-axis control system employed on the 1902 glider and the wing warping It was a wise choice, as Wright’s control system is still used in every flying aeroplane today.
Detail Patent Study
We must understand the details of the Wright Brothers’ patent to comprehend their legal proceedings. Three years after their first flight, the Wright brothers were awarded a patent for a “flying machine” that focused on their ground-breaking research in aeronautics: their original flight control system. Modifications to what the Wright brothers termed the “lateral margins” of the aeroplane’s wings were used to gain control in their design and in practically every other aircraft that was built after it. In actuality, the Wrights accomplished this by using wires to twist or “warp” the Flyer’s wood and fabric wings, which entailed shifting the rear outer points of the wings in opposite directions. The main development that brought meaningful manned-powered flight was wing warping. Even though other early aircraft could produce lift, all but the Wright Flyer were wildly unstable and extremely dangerous. As a result, Orville and Wilbur had every right to be proud of their intelligence and to seek any legal safeguards for their intellectual property.
However, the Wrights sought to patent not solely their wing-warping procedure but also any potential future device for adjusting the “lateral margins” of an aircraft’s wings, laying legal claim to the aeronautic control principle they had discovered. They would have monopolistic power over the aviation market for many years, provided the patent was read as they desired.
Before the Wright brothers submitted their patent application, Augustus Herring sent them a letter outlining their joint invention of the aircraft. Herring claimed to have created the Chanute-Herring glider, which was a little like the Wright Flyer. Wright elected to move on with the registration of their patent application notwithstanding this letter’s rejection.
The United States granted Wilbur and Orville Wright a patent on “Flying Machines” on May 22, 1906. Due to their ownership of this invention, the Wright Company was able to sue other pilots and aviation businesses for patent infringement.
Litigation Process
To defend their innovation, the Wright Brothers sued Glenn H. Curtiss and the Herring-Curtiss Company in patent courts, alleging infringement. They also filed lawsuits in Europe and the US. The Wrights also filed lawsuits against aviators from England, Claude Grahame-White, and France, Louis Paulhan. Both parties’ attorneys produced extensive, detailed, and complicated material for these trials.
Among all these cases, the Glen Curtiss lawsuit was discussed the most. Glenn Curtiss and Augustus Herring collaborated to establish their own business, the Herring-Curtiss Company, in March 1909. In this particular case, Glen Curtiss refused to pay the Wright Brothers’ cost for an aircraft he sold to the Aeronautical Society of New York in 1909. He had been cautioned against turning a profit on any aircraft that utilised their patent’s technical details. Wright Brothers sued Curtiss after he still did it.
Judge Hazel issued an injunction against the Herring-Curtiss Company and extensively interpreted the Wright patent, which ended in a favourable outcome for the Wright Brothers. Judge Hazel made the important determination that the Wright Patent qualified as a pioneering patent because the Wrights’s idea was so novel and unique that the case qualified under the particular legal standard for pioneering patents. Because the same inventor may not patent improvements on their original, novel, and distinctive patent applications, pioneering patents are entitled to a wide interpretation. Since different patents are to be construed more narrowly, equity requires that the patent be considered as broadly as possible in cases of pioneering patents. The lawsuit against Curtiss was won by the brothers in 1913, but the ruling was challenged.
When Curtiss appealed and was successful due to a technicality, the Wrights suffered a setback. Judge Hazel’s injunction was overturned by the Court of Appeals, and the matter was sent back for more discussion and evidence. When the Wrights corrected the issues raised by the Circuit Court of Appeals, Judge Hazel granted them victory once more. This time, Judge Hazel gave them a favourable decision. Curtiss filed a second appeal with the Circuit Court of Appeals, which unanimously upheld Judge Hazel’s judgement in an unusual decision known as a Per Curium by the Court opinion, only occasionally issued when the court is in agreement and seeks to state that the appeal is particularly frivolous or meritless. The Wrights’ favour was maintained after the judgement in January 1914. The Herring-Curtiss Company then filed for bankruptcy before the Wrights could recover any damages, and Glenn Curtiss then sued Augustus Herring for falsely asserting that he had more patents than the Wrights while failing to provide any supporting documentation or the disputed patents. Before Curtiss got anything from Herring, he passed away.
In the case, Wright v. Paulhan popularly known as the Paulhan case. The Wrights were victorious in their lawsuit against other aircraft displayers. The Paulhan case was distinctive because the ruling was written by Judge Learned Hand, a well-known federal judge who was well-known for the calibre of his jurisprudence and the clarity of his opinions. Many of Judge Hand’s decisions are still considered sound legal precedents and are frequently taught in law schools all over the nation. Judge Hand entirely agreed with Judge Hazel’s assessment of the Wrights’ ground-breaking patent and sided with them, especially in light of their choice to litigate to defend their patent.
Conclusion
In the end, a person only has the rights that he can effectively protect. The Wrights accomplished what no one before them had been able to do through their creativity and brilliance, self-funding, and outspending. They took the necessary legal actions to safeguard their idea because they legitimately anticipated making money off of their very original concept.
There were repercussions from the Wright’s patent conflicts also. Unfortunately, the Wrights were unable to innovate and create new aeroplanes throughout the entire time they spent battling to defend their patent. Their aircraft started to fall short of those made in Europe. The brothers and their business’ reputation suffered as a result of the ongoing legal battles. The tension hurt Wilbur’s health as well. Wilbur passed away from typhoid illness on May 30, 1912.
Innovation and the creation of new aircraft had been stymied in the United States because the Wright Company or Curtiss Company controlled the majority of the important aircraft patents. The US government compelled the aircraft sector to establish a group for granting patent licenses in 1917. Each manufacturer was required to sign up and pay a membership fee. Until their patents expired, the Wright Company or the Curtiss Company received the majority of the fees.
Keywords- Wright Brothers, Herring-Curtiss Company, Glen Curtiss, Injunction, Judge Hazel, Patent
By- Anushka Gupta, MIT WPU, Pune
References
Daniel T. Ronneberg, The Wright Brothers’ Patent Lawsuits, Vol 21, Journal of Aviation/ Aerospace Education and Research, 2023, The Wright Brothers_ Patent Lawsuits.pdf
Sean Trainor, The Wright Brothers: Pioneers of Patent Trolling, Time, DECEMBER 17, 2015 9:30 AM EST, https://time.com/4143574/wright-brothers-patent-trolling/
- RICHARD STIMSON, Wright Brothers- Patent Wars, Wright Stories, 5th May 2023, 04:16, https://wrightstories.com/articles/patent-wars/
Invention Greek, The Wright Brother’s Patent Wars, PatentPlaques, 5th May 2023, 04: 19, http://patentplaques-blog.com/wright-brothers-patent-wars/
Britanny Hayes, Innovation & Infringement, U.S History Scene, 5th May 2023, 04: 23, https://ushistoryscene.com/article/innovation-and-infringement/
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Jun 1, 2023 | General, Patent
Rainwater harvesting is an age-old technique that has gained renewed significance in recent years due to growing concerns about water scarcity and environmental sustainability. It involves collecting, storing, and utilizing rainwater for various purposes. This practice is particularly crucial in regions with limited or unreliable water resources.
The process of rainwater harvesting begins with the collection of rainwater from rooftops, open areas, or other surfaces. The collected water is then directed towards a storage system ranging from simple containers to underground tanks or reservoirs. Before usage, it is advisable to filter and purify the harvested water to ensure its quality.
There are numerous benefits associated with rainwater harvesting. Firstly, it provides an additional water source, reducing the strain on existing water supplies and alleviating water scarcity concerns. Secondly, rainwater harvesting helps to mitigate the burden on storm water drainage systems, reducing the risk of flooding and soil erosion. It also promotes self-sufficiency and resilience, as individuals and communities rely less on centralized water distribution systems. Rainwater can be utilized for various purposes, such as irrigation, household chores, livestock watering, and even after proper treatment, for drinking. Utilizing rainwater for non-potable purposes helps conserve precious freshwater resources, which can be reserved for essential needs.
Advantages of rainwater harvesting
Rainwater harvesting offers several advantages that contribute to sustainable water management and environmental conservation:
- Water conservation: Rainwater harvesting helps to conserve water by collecting and utilizing rainwater, reducing the dependency on traditional water sources. It provides an additional water supply, particularly useful in regions facing water scarcity or unreliable availability.
- Self-sufficiency: By implementing rainwater harvesting systems, individuals and communities become less reliant on centralized water distribution systems. This promotes self-sufficiency and reduces the vulnerability to water shortages or disruptions in water supply.
- Cost savings: Harvesting rainwater can lead to significant cost savings, especially in areas where water prices are high. Utilizing harvested rainwater for non-potable purposes such as irrigation, toilet flushing, or laundry reduces the consumption of treated water, resulting in reduced water bills.
- Reduced strain on infrastructure: Rainwater harvesting alleviates the burden on stormwater drainage systems by capturing rainwater that would otherwise contribute to runoff. This reduces the risk of flooding, soil erosion, and overloading of sewage treatment plants, thereby reducing infrastructure maintenance costs.
- Environmental benefits: By harvesting rainwater, there is a reduced need for groundwater extraction and surface water diversion, which can harm ecosystems. Rainwater harvesting helps preserve natural water sources, maintains water balance in local ecosystems, and minimizes aquatic habitat impacts.
- Improved water quality: Rainwater is generally pure and free from chemicals, contaminants, and salts commonly found in other water sources. Harvested rainwater can be treated and used for various purposes, including drinking, after proper filtration and purification.
- Educational and community benefits: Rainwater harvesting initiatives can raise awareness about water conservation and sustainable practices. They can foster community engagement, promote environmental stewardship, and provide educational opportunities for individuals, schools, and organizations.
In summary, rainwater harvesting offers advantages such as water conservation, self-sufficiency, cost savings, reduced strain on infrastructure, environmental benefits, improved water quality, and educational/community benefits. Implementing rainwater harvesting systems supports sustainable water management, reduces the demand for traditional water sources, and contributes to long-term water security and environmental sustainability.
Innovative patents related to rainwater harvesting
- Title: Method of preserving and harvesting rain water in trench lined with pvc sheet to prevent flood and soil erosion
Patent Application Number – 1345/MUM/2004
Publication Number: WO/2009/138995
Publication Date: 19.11.2009
International Application No.: PCT/IN2008/000485
International Filing Date: 04.08.2008
Inventor: VIJAY KUMAR KEDIA
The invention relates to the ” Method of preserving and harvesting rain water in trench lined with pvc sheet to prevent flood and soil erosion,” More specifically, the invention relates to a solution for rainwater loss caused by evaporation and runoff from topsoil. Patent Number 229617 describes a method of preserving and harvesting rainwater using a PVC sheet to construct bandharas, small earthen dams used to impound water. The invention involves using a PVC sheet to line the inside of the bandhara to prevent water seepage and increase its storage capacity. The sheet is fixed to the walls and bottom of the bandhara using ropes and bamboo poles. The invention also involves using a PVC pipe as an outlet for the harvested water. The harvested water can be used for various purposes such as irrigation, drinking, and household use. This invention provides an effective and affordable method of rainwater harvesting, which can help conserve water resources and provide access to safe drinking water in areas with limited water supply.
Using PVC sheets to construct bandharas has several advantages over traditional methods, such as cement or concrete. PVC sheet is lightweight and easy to transport, which makes it suitable for use in remote areas. It is also easy to install and does not require specialized skills or equipment. The use of PVC sheet also reduces the cost of construction and maintenance compared to traditional methods because of the PVC sheet at the bottom & this percolated water spreads horizontally within the ground, away from the trench in a backward direction, and the water content of the soil significantly increases. Water in the soil travels upward and downward due to capillary action and gravitation, significantly raising the groundwater level. Overall, the patent provides a simple, effective, and affordable method of rainwater harvesting using PVC sheets and pipes. This method can help conserve water resources, improve access to safe drinking water, and promote sustainable development in rural areas.
- Title: Rainwater harvesting system
Patent application number: WO2009133405A1
Application filed date: 2009-05-01
Publication Date:2009-11-05
Inventors: Nigel O’driscoll
The rainwater harvesting system collects rainwater from gutters using small and unobtrusive collectors. The collected water is transferred to a storage tank using a standard pumping system that only operates when the amount of water in each collector is greater than or equal to a predetermined level. The system is easy to install and does not require roof modifications or large reservoir installations. It includes sensors and a feed system to transfer the water to the tank, and a standard pumping system to pump the water from the tank to where it is needed. The article also lists several claims related to the system, including the use of rainwater collectors on gutter downpipes, a storage tank located close to the guttering, and a central control computer that receives signals from the sensors in the rainwater collectors and operates the standard pumping system by the received signals. The article concludes that the system is intended to use a more significant number of miniature and unobtrusive collectors that all feed into a larger communal tank that is kept hidden inside the roof of the building rather than having fewer of the larger and somewhat unsightly tanks, which can detract from the overall appearance of a building. The invention is a rainwater harvesting system that collects rainwater from gutters using small, unobtrusive collectors. The collected water is transferred to a storage tank using a standard pumping system that only operates when the amount of water in each collector is greater than or equal to a predetermined level. The system is easy to install and does not require roof modifications or large reservoir installations. It includes sensors and a feed system to transfer the water to the tank, and a standard pumping system to pump the water from the tank to where it is needed. A central computer can control the system and includes safety features such as sensors to stop water transfer when the tank is complete and a ball cock to supply water from the mains when the tank is low.
- Title: Rain harvesting apparatus
Patent application number: GB2490381A
Application filed date: 2012-01-25
Publication Date: 2012-10-31
Inventors: Denis Sheehy
The rainwater harvesting apparatus and method for installing and operating it in a building. The apparatus includes a chamber for capturing rainwater, a reservoir for storing it, an overflow tank, pumping means, and control means. The pumping means is activated and deactivated based on the water level in the reservoir and pumps rainwater to a remote vessel. The apparatus has sensor means, a heating element, and a filter. A photovoltaic solar panel powers it and includes integrated electronic and smart technology. Installing the rainwater harvesting apparatus involves excising a portion of a rainwater downpipe of a building to provide an excised portion and two spaced apart sections of the pipe, each having an open pipe end. The chamber is then positioned in the space between the spaced apart sections of pipe, and the chamber’s inlet is coupled to one of the pipe ends, while the chamber outlet is coupled to the other of the pipe ends. Conduit means from the pumping means is coupled to the remote vessel, and the apparatus is secured to a surface, such as a building wall. The method of operating the rainwater harvesting apparatus involves determining the level of rainwater in the reservoir and activating and deactivating the pumping means to pump rainwater from the reservoir to the remote vessel according to the level of rainwater in the reservoir. The pumping means is activated when the reservoir is full of rainwater or has sufficient rainwater stored therein. Otherwise, the pumping means is deactivated. Any rainwater that enters the apparatus via the pipe end is allowed to overflow from the reservoir to the overflow tank and returned to the downpipe via outlet. Optionally, the method comprises further determining the level of rainwater in the reservoir and the remote vessel and activating and deactivating the pumping means to pump rainwater from the reservoir to the remote vessel according to the levels of rainwater in the reservoir and the remote vessel. The article concludes by stating that the invention can be modified or added to without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
- Title: Rainwater collection and distribution device
Patent application number: US20140231328A1
Application filed date: 2012-09-28
Publication Date: 2014-08-21
Inventors: Denis Sheehy
The rainwater collection and distribution device can be installed within downpipes. The device includes an elongated collector tank, a connection conduit, a pump, and a delivery conduit connected to a water storage tank. It also includes rainwater filtration, level detection, and overflow conduit. The device can be powered by a photovoltaic panel and controlled by a central controller. It also includes various sensors and a memory to log data. The pump is submersible and fits within the elongated collector tank.
The device also includes rainwater filtration, level detection, and overflow conduit. The pump is submersible and fits within the elongated collector tank. The device can be powered by a photovoltaic panel and controlled by a central controller. It also includes various sensors and a memory to log data. The device can be installed on a flat roof of a building, with the elongated collector tank installed within a downpipe that projects downwardly from the roof. The connection conduit, the submersible pump, and a portion of the delivery conduit are located within the elongated collector tank, which conceals most of the device from view and does not impact the facade of the building. The rainwater collection and distribution device collect rainwater that falls onto a surface, such as a roof of a building, and into one of the downpipes of the building. The elongated collector tank collects and retains indefinitely rainwater which passes into the downpipe until the rainwater level reaches a predefined upper detection level/point. Once the rainwater level reaches the upper detection point, the central controller activates the pump, which pumps the rainwater to the water storage tank. The device includes various sensors, such as a rainwater level detection unit, temperature sensor, and water quality measurement sensor. The central controller logs all pump activations and data from the various sensors in the device. The information from the central controller or the various sensors directly may be transmitted to a remote location using a wireless communications transmitter or transceiver. The device may also be connected to a mains water supply connection with a motorized valve connected between the mains water supply and the rainwater collection and distribution device so that mains supply water can be fed through the device if required for cleansing and the like.
- Title: Rain water harvesting by means of linear elevated tanks
Patent application number: EP2511433B1
Application filed date: 2012-04-11
Publication Date: 2019-05-22
Inventors: GLACKIN DESMOND
The rainwater harvesting system collects water from the projection or gutter line of a building. The system includes self-cleaning tanks that can be stacked for storage and transport. The water is maintained at a desired temperature and clean state and can be retrieved effectively. The system includes a silt chamber to prevent debris from entering the tanks and a service pipe to bring the filtered water into use within or outside the property. The building structure or a frame can support the tanks and be located inside or outside the building. The system reduces the need for large volumes of pipework and can be used for industrial applications.
The building structure or a frame can support the tanks and be located inside or outside the building. The system includes a silt chamber to prevent debris from entering the tanks and a service pipe to bring the filtered water into use within or outside the property. The water is maintained at a desired temperature and clean state and can be retrieved effectively. The system installation involves fixing the tanks to the building structure or a frame and connecting the service pipe to the tanks. The tanks can be stacked for storage and transport inside or outside the building. The system includes a silt chamber to prevent debris from entering the tanks and a service pipe to bring the filtered water into use within or outside the property. The tanks are self-cleaning and can be easily maintained by opening a cleaning point at either end of the tanks. The functionality of the system involves collecting rainwater from the projection or gutter line of a building, filtering it through the silt chamber, and storing it in the tanks. The water is maintained at a desired temperature and clean state and can be retrieved effectively through the service pipe. The system reduces the need for large volumes of pipework and can be used for industrial applications. The tanks can also be used to thaw snow and ice to replenish the system and relieve weight accumulation on the roof structure.
- Title: System for solar and rainwater harvesting in open spaces
Patent application number: WO2016092567A1
Publication Number: WO/2016/092567
Publication Date: 16.06.2016
International Application No.: PCT/IN2015/050191
International Filing Date: 07.12.2015
Inventors: VAKIL Priya, CHOKSI Samit
The system includes a canopy to capture rainwater, a storage unit, a connecting means, and filtration means. The canopy is designed to direct water toward the discharge opening, and a collapsible solar module can be attached to harvest solar energy. The system can charge the groundwater level in open spaces.
The device is a system for solar and rainwater harvesting in open spaces. It includes a canopy to capture rainwater, a storage unit, a connecting means, and filtration means. The canopy is designed to direct water toward the discharge opening, and a collapsible solar module can be attached to harvest solar energy. The system can be installed above or below ground, charging the groundwater level in open spaces. he captured water from the canopy can be stored in a storage unit, which can be connected to other centralized storage units for storing the captured water. The connecting means extends from the discharge opening of the canopy to the storage unit to allow the captured water to flow from the canopy to the storage unit. The connecting means is designed to maintain the required flow rate of the captured water from the canopy to the storage unit. The filtration device is removably adapted in the connecting means for filtering the captured water to make it partially ready for potable use. The filtration means includes a filtration screen in the form of cuts adopted at the discharge opening of the canopy and a filtration device removably adapted in the connecting means. The system also includes a solar module for harvesting solar energy, which can be removably or fixedly attached to the support mast. The solar module comprises a solar panel and a solar tracking device for orienting the solar panels based on solar light. The inverter and battery are installed at the base of the system. They are connected to the solar module through internal wiring inside the support mast for harvesting the solar power generated from the solar module. The system is designed to be lightweight and efficient, using materials such as PVC, fabric, and anti-rust metals. Overall, the system is designed to capture rainwater and solar energy in open spaces and can be used to charge the groundwater level or store the captured water for future use and provides a sustainable solution for clean water and clean energy generation in open spaces.
- Title: Rainwater collection and dispensation system
Patent application number: WO2011030180A1
Publication Number: WO/2011/030180
Publication Date: 17.03.2011
International Application No.: PCT/IB2009/053954
International Filing Date: 10.09.2009
Inventors: TAN, Yock Kuan
The automatic rainwater collection and dispensation system for a building includes a main unit, a rainwater reservoir, a water pump control unit, a rainwater storage tank, interconnecting pipes: fittings, and electrical controls. The system collects rainwater from gutters along the bottom edges of roofs of a building after a flush of rainfall. After a delay, it pumps the collected rainwater to a storage tank. The system is fully automatic with electrical controls and indicates the status of the system operations on a main switch panel installed inside a building. The system is designed to pump rainwater from the main unit to the storage tank only when there is sufficient rainwater in the reservoir, and the storage tank is not full. The system also includes a manual bypass to switch on the automatic electrical control valve in case of electricity failure and an indication panel to show the status of system operations.
The rainwater collection and dispensation system are installed by cutting a section of the gutter adjacent to a vertical downpipe to an open drain to accommodate the main unit, which includes a water pump control unit and a rainwater reservoir. Rainwater is collected from the edges of the roof and pumped to a rainwater storage tank after a delay to ensure that the collected rainwater is debris-free. The rainwater storage tank is connected to an existing tap water storage tank, and interconnecting pipes and fittings supply water to the water closets and taps in the building. The system is fully automatic with electrical controls, including a main switch panel that indicates the status of system operations. The system is designed to pump rainwater from the main unit to the storage tank only when there is sufficient rainwater in the reservoir, and the storage tank is not full. The system also includes a manual bypass to switch on the automatic electrical control valve in case of electricity failure. The rainwater storage tank can be formed from several smaller containers with interlocking and interconnecting pipes, allowing existing buildings to install the invention without removing roof trusses or ceilings. The system is designed to save power by collecting only clean rainwater without debris, and the water pump starts to pump only when there is sufficient rainwater in the reservoir. The system is designed to supply water to the water closets and taps in the building, preferably for non-drinking purposes.
- Rainwater harvesting system
Patent Application number: WO2010142950A1
Publication Number: WO/2010/142950
Publication Date: 16.12.2010
International Application No.: PCT/GB2010/001128
International Filing Date: 07.06.2010
Inventors: GEORGE, David
The rainwater harvesting system for supplying water to a toilet or urinal. The system includes a catchment area, a water tank, and a flush valve. Rainwater flows directly from the catchment area into the tank and directly from the tank into the waste bowl when the flush valve is activated. The system also includes a sensor for determining the water level in the tank and controlling the flush valve accordingly. The system can be used for multiple waste bowls, including flushing the waste bowl using rainwater or other reclaimed water sources.
The system is configured to vary how the valve is opened depending on the level of water determined to be inside the tank. The system controls the valve to provide a large conduit when the level of water is determined to be low and a small conduit when the level of the water is determined to be high. A user can activate the system or be set to automatically open the flush valve after having detected the presence of a user in the vicinity of the waste bowl and to activate the flush valve at predetermined time intervals automatically. The rainwater catchment area may supply rainwater directly to two or more tanks, each of which supplies water directly to a waste bowl of a sanitary fitting. This invention also describes different types of sensors that can be used to determine the water level in the tank, including float mechanisms, electrodes, and pressure sensors. The system can be installed in a building with downpipes passing inside the building to allow rainwater to flow directly into a closet-flushing cistern. The building can also have a main water supply to fill the cisterns during arid weather conditions.
Conclusion
In conclusion, rainwater harvesting is a valuable and sustainable practice that addresses water scarcity concerns, promotes self-sufficiency, and contributes to environmental conservation. It offers numerous benefits such as water conservation, cost savings, reduced strain on infrastructure, improved water quality, and community engagement.
While patenting rainwater harvesting technology is possible, it involves meeting patentability requirements, including novelty, inventiveness, and industrial applicability. A patent can provide protection, market advantage, and licensing opportunities and incentivize further research and development. However, patenting may only be suitable for some rainwater harvesting technologies, and inventors should carefully consider the costs, time, and potential benefits before pursuing patent protection.
Ultimately, the decision to patent rainwater harvesting technology should be based on individual circumstances, business goals, and the potential advantages it offers. Whether through patents or open-source sharing, the widespread adoption of rainwater harvesting technologies can contribute to a more sustainable and water-secure future, benefiting communities and the environment.
References
Author: Siddhartha MA, Rajiv Gandhi School of Intellectual Property Law, IIT Kharagpur
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