Introduction
Cisplatin is an alkylating agent that reacts with biological components to form covalent bonds, commonly used in chemotherapy. It is a platinum based coordination complex that damages DNA in an unrepairable way. This halts the excessive growth of cancer cells and induces apoptosis. It is commonly administered for testicular, ovarian, bladder, and lung cancers.
However, one of the major side effects of Cisplatin was reported to be severe nephrotoxicity that is defined by deterioration of the kidneys due to heavy chemicals. To overcome this, a targeted drug delivery system using nanoparticles was devised.
Nanoparticles are spherical polymers with more than one dimension in the nanoscale. By scaling down the dimensions to the nanoscale, a drug’s efficiency can be increased by improving the drug’s absorption. They are biocompatible and biodegradable particles. Due to the nano-dimensions of the nanoparticles, there is an increased surface area that leads to increased absorption in the biological systems.
Cisplatin Nanoparticle formulations involve incorporating the targeted drug molecule with a nanoparticle that are engineered to target cancer cells and minimize side effects by not attacking healthy cells. Nanoparticles release the drug in a controlled manner, improving the drug’s bioavailability. Bioavailability is the extent at which the drug enters the human circulation system and is available for action on the active site. It is a parameter to judge the extent of a particular drug molecule’s absorption by the system and efficiency at the target site.
Cisplatin nanoparticles have been presented as a promising advancement in chemotherapy, offering a large therapeutic effect while minimizing the harmful side effects.
- Objective of Patent Landscape
We, at Origiin, prepared this Patent Landscape Report for Cisplatin Nanoparticle Formulation to understand various trends with regard to patent activity in this space. We have analyzed the patents filed, published and granted between 2019 and 2024. The search strategy used to generate the data to prepare the report is based on specific keywords.
We observed that the companies based in the US, China, Europe, Japan and Korea are major contributors of patent filings in the area of Cisplatin Nanoparticle Formulation. The leading patent filing companies include the Hangzhou Dac Biotech Co LTD, Legochem Bioscience Incorporated, University of California, Mayo foundation for Medical Education and Research and University of Chicago.
Search Strategy
PatSeer, a leading research platform for patent insights, was utilised for the landscape report to analyse the patents involving cisplatin nanoparticle formulation from the year 2019 till June of 2024.
The input search query was a combination of keywords and Boolean operators. The time frame was adjusted and an output of 2000+ records was obtained.
Based on this output, the patenting trends, competitors, top industries and top priority countries were analysed, and the data was presented graphically.
- Parameters used for Patent Landscape Analysis
In this report, we studied the following parameters and trends:
- Patenting Trends from 2019 to 2024
- Distribution of Patents based on the Assignees
- Global Patent Filing Trends
- Technology classification based on IPC classification
- Activities of Competitors based on Area of Research (IPC)
- Estimated Top 10 industries and technology areas between 2019 and 2024
- Estimated Top 10 owners between 2019 and 2024
- Estimated Top 10 Assignee Countries between 2019 and 2024
- Estimated Top 10 Priority Countries between 2019 and 2024
- Estimated Top 10 Publication Countries between 2019 and 2024
- Patenting Trends from 2019 to 2024
Figure (1): Patenting Trends from 2019 to 2024
Figure 1 depicts the patents filed for Cisplatin Nanoparticle Formulation from the years 2015 to 2024 and patents granted from 2019 to 2024. The graph indicates the highest number of filed patents in the year 2020 with 330 patents. It was followed by a decrease to 302 patents in 2021. It further reduced to 210 patents in 2022 and 115 in 2023. The filing of patents has gradually decreased from 2020 to 2024.
- Distribution of Patents based on the Assignees
Figure (2): Distribution of Patents based on the Assignees
Figure 2 showcases the top companies, Hangzhou Dac Biotech Co LTD holding 145 patents on Cisplatin Nanoparticles. Legochem Bioscience Incorporated takes second place with 76 patents. The next keyholder is the University of California with 66 patents. Mayo foundation for Medical Education and Research holds 28 patents followed by University of Chicago. with 28 patents. University of Michigan holds 28 patents. Massachusetts Institute of Technology holds close to 25 patents. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill holds 24 patents in its name for Cisplatin Nanoparticle Formulation. Gilead Science Inc holds 21 patents and the last assignee is Purdue Research Foundation holds 21 patents.
- Global Patent Filing Trends
Figure (3): Global Patent Filing Trends
Figure 3 shows the distribution of patents across countries based on their jurisdiction. The maximum number of patents, ie 412, were filed in the US (United States) and rest of the patents were issued in the other jurisdictions, such as, China (CN) with 373 patents, World Property Organization (WO) with 263 patents, Europe (EP) with 212 patents, Japan (JP) with 195, Korea (KR) with 172 patents, Australia (AU) with 144 patents, Canada (CA) with 104 patents, India (IN) with 76 patents and Taiwan (TW) with 51 patents.
- Technology classification based on IPC classification
Figure (4): Technology classification based on IPC classification
Figure 4 indicates the patent distribution based on the main IPC code. The top spot is occupied by the preparation for medical, dental or toilet purposes with 1899 patent families. Other major players include therapeutic activity of chemical compounds or medicinal preparations with 1259 patent families, Peptides with 545 patent families and microorganisms or enzymes; preparations thereof with 263 patent families. Heterocyclic compounds follows with 153 patents. Investigating or analyzing materials by determining their chemical or physical properties follows with 140 patents. Specific uses or applications of nanostructures; measurement or analysis of nanostructures; manufacture or treatment of nanostructures has close to 118 patents. Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes holds 68 patents. Methods or apparatus for sterilizing materials or objects in general has 48 patents. Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds holds 45 patents, electrotherapy; magnetotherapy; radiation therapy; ultrasound therapy showcases 36 patents, sugars; derivatives thereof; nucleosides; nucleotides; nucleic acids has 31 patents, acyclic or carbocyclic compounds holds 28 patents and finally diagnosis; surgery; identification holds 23 patents.
- Activities of Competitors based on Area of Research (IPC)
Figure (5): Activities of Competitors based on Area of Research (IPC)
Figure 5 depicts the distribution of patents based on competitors and area of research (IPC). The top spot is occupied by the Medicinal or veterinary science with 1992 patent families. Other major players include organic chemistry with 751 patent families followed by biochemistry with 307 patent families, measuring with 142 patents. Nanotechnology holds 123 patents, organic macromolecules with 77 patents, physical or chemical preparations with 18 patents, combinatorial technology with 14 patents and at the lower spectrum inorganic chemistry and dyes; paints; polishes with 10 patents each.
- Estimated Top 10 industries and technology areas between 2019 and 2024
Figure (6): Estimated Top 10 industries and technology areas between 2019 and 2024
Figure 6 indicates major industries and technology areas between 2019 and 2024. Basic Pharmaceutical Products and Pharmaceutical Preparation holds an overwhelming 2,035 records. This is followed by the Measuring, Testing, and Navigating Instruments industry, which has 137 records, placing it as the second highest. Basic Chemicals, Fertilizers, and Nitrogen Compounds comes next with 123 records, closely trailed by Electronic Components and Boards with 120 records. The Medical and Dental Instruments and Supplies industry has a notable 81 records. Irradiation, Electromedical, and Electrotherapeutic Equipment has 36 records, while Soap, Detergents, Cleaning, and Polishing Preparations accounts for 23 records. Both Other General Purpose Machinery and Other Special Purpose Machinery industries each have 6 records. Lastly, the Food Products industry has the fewest records, totaling 5.
- Estimated Top 10 owners between 2019 and 2024
Figure (7): Estimated Top 10 industries and technology areas between 2019 and 2024
Figure 7 showcases that Hangzhou Dac Biotech Co LTD leads significantly with 145 records, indicating its substantial involvement in Cisplatin Nanoparticle Formulations. Legochem Bioscience Incorporated holds 76 records. University of California is also a major player with 66 records. Three entities— Mayo foundation for Medical Education and Research, University of Chicago and University of Michigan—each hold 28 records. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology is close with 25 records. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill holds 24 records. Both Gilead Science Inc and the Purdue Research Foundation possess 21 records each.
- Estimated Top 10 Assignee Countries between 2019 and 2024
Figure (8): Estimated Top 10 Assignee Countries between 2019 and 2024
Figure 8 indicates US (United States) is the key assignee country with 899 patents and the rest assignee countries are issued to the inventors, China (CN) with 450 patents, Korea (KR) with 215 patents, Denmark (DE) with 47 patents, India (IN) with 37 patents, Taiwan (TW) with 33 patents, Australia (AU) with 32 patents, France (FR) with 29 patents, Ireland (IR) with 28 patents and Canada (CA) with 24 patents.
- Estimated Top 10 Priority Countries between 2019 and 2024
Figure (9): Estimated Top 10 Priority Countries between 2019 and 2024
Figure 9 indicates that the United States (US) is the top priority country for Cisplatin Nanoparticle Formulation with 1,170 patents. China (CN) follows with 412 patents, Korea (KR) holds the third position with 200 patents. The European Patent Office (EP) with 86 records. India (IN) has 48 records, and the United Kingdom (GB) has 30 records.
- Estimated Top 10 Publication Countries between 2019 and 2024
Figure (10): Estimated Top 10 Priority Countries between 2019 and 2024
Figure 10 indicates that the United States (US) is the top publication country for Cisplatin Nanoparticle Formulation with 413 patents. China (CN) follows with 373 patents, WO holds the third position with 264 patents. The European Patent Office (EP) with 212 records, Japan (JP) with 195 records, Korea (KR) with 172 patents, Australia (AU) with 145 patents, Canada (CA) with 104 patents, India (IN) has 76 records, and Taiwan (TW) with 51 patents.
- Analysis of Major Suppliers
An analysis was performed to study the patents filed for Cisplatin Nanoparticle Formulation for the past five years and list out the major companies involved in the formulation of said patents. From the patent analysis, certain key players working on cisplatin nanoparticle formulation were identified.
The companies have been mentioned in the analysis of the graphical representation of patent applications under each parameter used for patent landscape analysis.
Some of the major companies involved in Cisplatin Nanoparticle Formulations are:
- Hangzhou Dac Biotech Co LTD
- Legochem Bioscience Incorporated
- University of California
- Mayo foundation for Medical Education and Research
- University of Chicago.
- Conclusion
Cisplatin Nanoparticle is emerging as a popular alternative in chemotherapeutics. It has gained popularity in the past five years, with the number of patents filed increasing from the years 2017 to 2020 by the pharmaceutical industries. The study indicates that a major portion of the patents filed belong to the United States followed by China.
The company Hangzhou Dac Biotech emerged as the major player. The study also showed that the Pharmaceutical industry holds the most patents, followed by the Measuring, Testing, and Navigating Instruments industry.
Based on the list of top applicants, it is clear the leading patent filers include the Legochem Bioscience Inc, University of California, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, University of Chicago, University of Michigan, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gilead Science Inc and the Purdue Research Foundation.
Authors: Nikhita JS, PES University and Tapas Das, IIT Kharagpur
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