The word Jurisdiction is a combination of two Latin words, juris ‘law’ + dictio ‘declaration’.
Jurisdiction, in simple words, is the geographic area over which authority extends for the authority to hear and determine causes of action. Jurisdiction also denotes the geographical area or subject-matter to which such authority applies or a court’s power to hear a case.
When an offence has been committed at a particular place, usually the court in whose jurisdiction the crime has been committed has the jurisdiction to inquire into and try that case.
Jurisdiction, usually is categorized as below:
- Jurisdiction bases on the subject-matter: Certain courts entertain suits of particular classes only. For example, there are specific courts to handle environment related cases. So for such cases, right jurisdiction could be the Courts that handle such specific cases.
- Territorial Jurisdiction: Every court has its own limits like a District court is in charge of the district and cannot exercise his power beyond that district.
- Pecuniary Jurisdiction: Different courts have different limits to try suits or hear appeals of different amounts or value. Some of these courts have unlimited pecuniary jurisdiction.
- Original or Appellate Jurisdiction: The jurisdiction of a court may again be Original or Appellate. In District Court one can file original cases whereas supreme court may handle only appeals.
U/S 104 [Jurisdiction] of the Indian Patents Act 1970, no suit for a declaration under section 105 or for any relief under section 106 or for infringement of a patent shall be instituted in any court inferior to a district court having jurisdiction to try the suit.
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